Differences Between Islam and Christianity: Beliefs, Jesus, Salvation, Scripture and Worship

Islam and Christianity are two of the world's largest religions. They share belief in revelation, prophets, moral accountability, prayer, charity and a final judgment. Both speak with reverence about Abraham, Moses, Jesus and Mary. Yet their agreements should not hide their profound differences—especially concerning the nature of God, the identity of Jesus Christ, the crucifixion, salvation and the authority of scripture.

This guide explains the differences between Islam and Christianity from a mainstream Sunni Muslim perspective while describing historic, Nicene Christianity as accurately and respectfully as possible. Christianity contains Catholic, Eastern Orthodox and many Protestant traditions; Islam contains Sunni and Shia traditions as well as several schools of law. Where those internal differences matter, they are noted.

The purpose is understanding, not mockery or hostility. Faith deserves honest language, careful evidence and good manners.

Quick answer: The biggest difference between Islam and Christianity concerns God and Jesus. Islam teaches tawhid: Allah is absolutely one, without partner, offspring or incarnation. Jesus ('Isa) is the Messiah, a miraculously born prophet and messenger, but not God or the Son of God. Historic Christianity teaches one God in three persons—Father, Son and Holy Spirit—and identifies Jesus as the divine Son incarnate, crucified and risen for human salvation. This central difference shapes each faith's understanding of scripture, sin, salvation and worship.

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Islam vs Christianity at a Glance

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A Necessary Point About Words

Islam is a religion; a Muslim is a person who follows Islam. Christianity is a religion; a Christian is a person who follows Christianity. Therefore, the most precise comparison is Islam vs Christianity or Muslim beliefs vs Christian beliefs, not “Muslim vs Christianity.”

The Arabic word Allah simply means “God.” Arabic-speaking Christians also use the word Allah. The real disagreement is not over the vocabulary but over what is believed about God.

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The 10 Main Differences Between Islam and Christianity

1. The oneness of God and the Trinity

The foundation of Islam is tawhid, the absolute oneness and uniqueness of Allah. The Qur'an declares:

“Say, He is Allah—One.” — Qur'an 112:1

Surah al-Ikhlas continues that Allah neither begets nor is begotten and that nothing is comparable to Him. Muslims therefore reject any division of the divine being, any divine sonship and any incarnation of God as a human being.

Christianity also insists that there is only one God, not three gods. Historic Christian doctrine, however, says the one divine being exists eternally in three distinct persons: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Christians point, among other passages, to Jesus' command to baptize “in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit” (Matthew 28:19).

Christians do not normally understand the Trinity as three independent deities. Muslims nevertheless reject the doctrine because, in Islamic theology, assigning divine personhood to anyone alongside Allah compromises pure monotheism. The Qur'an instructs the People of the Book not to say “Three” and describes Jesus as a messenger of Allah (Qur'an 4:171).

This is the deepest theological difference between Islam and Christianity.

2. The identity and nature of Jesus

Both religions honor Jesus, but they do not mean the same thing when speaking about him.

In Islam, Jesus—'Isa ibn Maryam, Jesus son of Mary—is:

• the Messiah;
• one of Allah's greatest prophets and messengers;
• born to the Virgin Mary by Allah's command;
• a worker of miracles by Allah's permission;
• a servant and worshipper of Allah;
• a sign for humanity; and
• destined to return before the end of time.

Muslims love and honor Jesus. Denying his prophethood would contradict Islamic belief. But Islam does not identify him as God, a divine person or the literal son of God.

Historic Christianity teaches that Jesus is the eternal Word or Son who took on human nature. The opening of John's Gospel says the Word was with God, was God and “became flesh” (John 1:1–14). The classical Christian formula is that Jesus is fully divine and fully human—not half of each.

For Muslims, honoring Jesus means accepting him as he described all prophets to be: a servant and messenger of the one God. For Christians, honoring Jesus necessarily includes worshipping him as Lord. The two positions cannot simply be merged.

3. The crucifixion and resurrection

The death and resurrection of Jesus stand at the center of Christian faith. The New Testament proclaims that Christ died for sins, was buried and was raised on the third day (1 Corinthians 15:3–4). Christians understand the cross as God's decisive act of redemption, although different traditions explain the atonement in different ways.

The Qur'an gives a different account. It says that Jesus' enemies “did not kill him, nor did they crucify him,” though it was made to appear so to them, and that Allah raised Jesus to Himself (Qur'an 4:157–158).

Some later Muslim commentaries propose that another person was made to resemble Jesus, but the Qur'an itself does not name a substitute or provide a detailed narrative. It is therefore more accurate to distinguish the explicit Qur'anic teaching from later interpretations.

Islam and Christianity consequently differ not only over what happened at the end of Jesus' earthly ministry, but also over whether a crucifixion was necessary for forgiveness.

4. Muhammad and the completion of prophecy

Muslims believe Muhammad ﷺ is the servant and final messenger of Allah, sent to confirm the essential truth taught by earlier prophets and to deliver the Qur'an. The Qur'an calls him “the Messenger of Allah and the seal of the prophets” (Qur'an 33:40). Muslims do not worship Muhammad; worship belongs to Allah alone.

Mainstream Christianity does not accept Muhammad as a prophet. Christians generally believe God's decisive and unsurpassable self-revelation is Jesus Christ, with the apostolic witness preserved in the New Testament. Consequently, the Christian canon does not recognize the Qur'an as later divine revelation.

This creates a basic divide in religious authority: Muslims accept Jesus and the earlier prophets through the Qur'anic framework, while Christians do not accept Muhammad or the Qur'an as completing biblical revelation.

5. Scripture and revelation

Muslims believe Allah revealed guidance to many prophets, including the Torah (Tawrah) to Moses, the Psalms (Zabur) to David and the Gospel (Injil) to Jesus. They believe the Qur'an is the final revelation, preserved in Arabic and serving as a criterion over previous scripture. The Sunnah—the Prophet Muhammad's teachings and example preserved through hadith—guides Muslims in applying the Qur'an.

The Christian Bible is a collection of books written in Hebrew, Aramaic and Greek. It contains the Old Testament and New Testament. Christian traditions differ over the exact Old Testament canon: Protestant Bibles commonly contain 66 books in total, Catholic Bibles 73, while Orthodox canons vary.

The two traditions also understand revelation differently:

• Muslims regard the Qur'an as the direct speech of Allah revealed to Muhammad ﷺ through the angel Gabriel.
• Christians generally describe the Bible as divinely inspired writings expressed through human authors, genres and historical settings.
• Christianity centers revelation on the person of Jesus as the incarnate Word.
• Islam centers final revealed speech on the Qur'an while treating Muhammad ﷺ as its human messenger, not its author or a divine incarnation.

From an Islamic perspective, the original revelations given to Moses and Jesus were true, but the present Bible is not simply identical to the original Tawrah and Injil in the Qur'anic sense. Christian churches reject that Islamic assessment and regard their canonical scriptures as authoritative testimony to God's revelation.

6. Adam, human nature and original sin

Islam teaches that Adam sinned, repented and was forgiven by Allah. Each human being is morally responsible for his or her own choices. The Qur'an repeatedly states that “no soul burdened with sin will bear the burden of another” (Qur'an 6:164). A child is not born guilty of Adam's personal sin. Human beings are born upon a natural disposition, fitrah, with the capacity to recognize and worship their Creator.

Christianity teaches that Adam's fall affected the whole human family. Western Christian traditions often use the term original sin; Eastern Orthodox Christians frequently prefer ancestral sin and stress inherited corruption and mortality rather than inherited personal blame. Paul's comparison between Adam and Christ is foundational to Christian thought (Romans 5:12–19).

Islam does not teach that human beings can save themselves by moral effort. People need revelation, repentance and Allah's mercy. But it rejects the claim that inherited guilt requires the sacrificial death of a divine savior.

7. Salvation, grace, faith and deeds

The contrast is sometimes oversimplified as “Christianity is grace, while Islam is works.” That is not an accurate description of either faith.

In Islam, salvation is ultimately by Allah's mercy. A Muslim is called to:

1. believe sincerely in Allah and His revelation;
2. repent directly to Allah;
3. perform righteous deeds;
4. repair wrongs done to other people; and
5. live between hope in divine mercy and fear of accountability.

Good deeds do not purchase Paradise or place Allah in anyone's debt. They are commanded acts of worship and signs of living faith. The Prophet Muhammad ﷺ taught that no one enters Paradise merely by virtue of deeds—not even him—except by Allah's mercy. The Qur'an tells those who have wronged themselves never to despair of Allah's mercy (Qur'an 39:53).

Christianity teaches that salvation is God's gracious act through Jesus Christ. Ephesians states that salvation is by grace through faith, not the result of works, while immediately saying believers are created for good works (Ephesians 2:8–10).

Christian traditions formulate the relationship differently:

• Many Protestants emphasize justification by faith alone, with good works as the fruit of genuine faith.
• Catholic teaching emphasizes grace received in faith and lived through love, sacraments and perseverance.
• Eastern Orthodox teaching often speaks of healing and participation in divine life (theosis) through grace.

All mainstream Christian traditions place Christ at the center of salvation. Islam rejects the need for an incarnate divine mediator or atoning crucifixion, while affirming that no one succeeds without Allah's guidance, forgiveness and mercy.

8. Prayer, worship and religious life

Muslims worship Allah directly. The five daily prayers (salah) have prescribed times, bodily movements and Qur'anic recitations. Worship also includes personal supplication (du'a), remembrance of Allah, fasting in Ramadan, obligatory charity (zakat) and pilgrimage to Makkah for those able to perform it.

Christian worship varies widely. It may include set liturgy, spontaneous prayer, hymns, sermons, scripture readings, confession and sacraments. Catholic and Orthodox worship is centered on the Eucharist or Divine Liturgy; many Protestant services place greater emphasis on preaching, congregational singing and Bible study.

Both faiths encourage private and communal prayer, but they differ over the one being addressed. Muslims do not direct prayer to Jesus, Mary, saints or any created being.

9. Religious authority, law and clergy

Islam has scholars, jurists, teachers and imams, but no universal human authority comparable to a pope and no priest who must mediate forgiveness. A Muslim repents directly to Allah. Islamic law (Shariah) encompasses worship, ethics, family life, commerce and social responsibilities. Sunni law developed through recognized schools of jurisprudence, while Shia traditions have their own authorities and legal methods.

Christian structures vary greatly:

• The Catholic Church recognizes the teaching authority of the pope and bishops.
• Eastern Orthodox churches are governed through bishops and councils without one universal pope.
• Protestant communities range from episcopal hierarchies to elder-led or congregational governance.

Christianity also has moral and canonical law, but most Christian traditions do not present a comprehensive sacred legal system in the same form as classical Islamic jurisprudence.

10. Judgment, Heaven and Hell

Islam and Christianity both teach resurrection, judgment, Heaven and Hell. Both insist that earthly choices have eternal significance.

Islam teaches that Allah will judge every person with perfect justice and complete knowledge. No deed, intention or hidden wrong escapes Him. Believers hope for Paradise through His mercy, while taking sin and accountability seriously.

Christianity teaches that God will judge humanity through Christ. Christians hope in resurrection and eternal life through Christ's saving work. Catholic, Orthodox and Protestant accounts differ on such matters as purgatory, the intermediate state, the nature of final punishment and the sequence of end-time events.

The shared vocabulary should not conceal the difference: Christian hope is inseparably centered on the death and resurrection of the divine Christ; Islamic hope is centered on worshipping Allah alone, following His messengers, repenting and receiving His mercy.

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Further Differences in Muslim and Christian Beliefs

The Holy Spirit

In Nicene Christianity, the Holy Spirit is the third person of the Trinity and is fully divine. In Islamic interpretation, Ruh al-Qudus—the Holy Spirit—is commonly understood as the angel Gabriel or as divine support from Allah, not as a person within a triune Godhead.

Mary

Islam and Christianity both honor Mary and affirm the virgin birth of Jesus. The Qur'an names an entire chapter after Mary (Surah Maryam) and presents her as a model of devotion and purity.

Catholic and Orthodox Christians call Mary Theotokos, “God-bearer” or “Mother of God,” to defend their belief that the person she bore is truly divine. They do not mean that Mary existed before God or created the divine nature. Protestants generally honor Mary as the mother of Jesus but usually reject devotional invocation of her.

Muslims deeply honor Mary but do not call her the mother of God and do not pray to her. Neither Mary nor Jesus is divine in Islam.

Images and icons

Mosques generally avoid images of prophets and living beings in worship spaces, emphasizing calligraphy and geometric design. Muslims do not make devotional images of Allah or the prophets.

Christian practice varies. Orthodox Christians venerate icons; Catholics use statues and sacred art; some Protestant traditions use visual art while others keep worship spaces plain. Christians who venerate images distinguish veneration from worship, but Islamic worship does not adopt this practice.

Food, fasting and sacred time

Islam has a defined halal dietary system, prohibits pork and intoxicants, and requires fasting from dawn to sunset during Ramadan. Christianity has no single universal dietary code. Catholic and Orthodox churches retain structured fasting seasons, while many Protestants treat food restrictions as voluntary. Most Christians gather especially on Sunday; Muslims attend the Friday congregational prayer while continuing to observe five daily prayers every day.

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Similarities Between Islam and Christianity

An honest comparison should acknowledge real common ground. Muslims and Christians generally affirm:

• a Creator who is knowing, powerful, merciful and just;
• God's revelation and moral guidance;
• prophets including Abraham and Moses;
• the special importance of Jesus and Mary;
• angels, Satan, miracles and an unseen realm;
• prayer, fasting, charity and care for the vulnerable;
• moral prohibitions against murder, theft, adultery and false testimony;
• repentance, accountability and divine judgment;
• resurrection, Heaven and Hell; and
• the importance of worshipping God and living a morally serious life.

These similarities help Muslims and Christians cooperate in neighborly kindness, family life, charity and the defense of human dignity. Yet common terms do not always carry identical meanings. Both speak of God, revelation, Jesus, salvation and prayer, but define these realities differently.

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Do Muslims and Christians Worship the Same God?

This question needs more care than a one-word answer.

Historically and referentially, Muslims and Christians both claim to worship the God of Abraham, the Creator of heaven and earth. Arabic-speaking Christians have called God Allah for centuries. The Qur'an tells Muslims to say to the People of the Book, “Our God and your God is One” (Qur'an 29:46).

Theologically, however, the two religions describe God in sharply different ways. Christians affirm the Trinity and the incarnation of the Son. Muslims consider both beliefs incompatible with tawhid. Thus, “Allah versus God” is a misleading contrast, but “Islamic and Christian understandings of God” is a genuine and fundamental disagreement.

A balanced answer is therefore: Muslims and Christians intend to refer to the one Creator and God of Abraham, but they make irreconcilably different claims about His nature—above all, whether God is triune and whether Jesus is divine.

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How Are Islam and Christianity Related?

Islam and Christianity belong to the Abrahamic family of religions, together with Judaism. They arose in the Middle East and share many persons, narratives and ethical concerns. Islam emerged publicly in seventh-century Arabia through the prophethood of Muhammad ﷺ, in a world where Jewish and Christian communities were already present.

The Qur'an presents Islam not as a new god or a tribal creed but as the restoration and completion of the monotheistic message given to Abraham, Moses, Jesus and the other prophets. Christianity, by contrast, sees the person, death and resurrection of Jesus as the fulfillment of Israel's scriptural story and the decisive center of God's saving work.

Their historical relationship is therefore close, but their theological interpretations of that shared history are different.

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Which Came First: Islam or Christianity?

As identifiable historical communities, Christianity began in the first century CE, while the Prophet Muhammad's public mission began in the seventh century CE. In that historical sense, Christianity came before the Muslim community established by Muhammad ﷺ.

Islamic theology makes an additional claim. The Arabic word islam means submission or surrender to Allah, and the Qur'an presents every true prophet as calling people to that same submission. Muslims therefore believe the essential religion of Abraham, Moses and Jesus was Islam in its broad theological meaning, even though the final Qur'anic revelation and the global Muslim community came later in history.

These are two different uses of the word “Islam”: one describes a historical community beginning in seventh-century Arabia; the other describes the primordial submission to God taught by all prophets.

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Can a Person Be Both Muslim and Christian?

A person may come from a mixed Muslim-Christian family, appreciate both traditions, or be in the process of exploring or changing faith. Such personal situations should be treated with gentleness.

At the level of orthodox doctrine, however, one cannot consistently affirm both creeds in their standard meanings. Christianity requires belief in Jesus' divine sonship, crucifixion and resurrection. Islam explicitly rejects Jesus' divinity and crucifixion and requires belief in Muhammad ﷺ as the final messenger and the Qur'an as final revelation.

The contradiction is doctrinal, not a license to mistreat anyone. A person's dignity, safety and freedom of conscience must be respected.

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The Islamic View of Christianity and Christians

The Qur'an calls Jews and Christians People of the Book, recognizing their connection to earlier revelation. It praises sincere and humble individuals among them, commands justice and permits principled social relations. It also corrects beliefs that Islam regards as theological errors, particularly the divinity of Jesus and the Trinity.

Islam therefore combines several duties:

• honor Jesus, Mary and the prophets;
• speak truthfully about doctrinal disagreement;
• avoid ridicule and abusive argument;
• deal justly and kindly with peaceful neighbors;
• invite to faith with wisdom and good character; and
• leave final judgment of individuals to Allah.

The Qur'an instructs Muslims to debate the People of the Book “in the best manner,” except with those who act unjustly (Qur'an 29:46). Respect does not require pretending that all beliefs are identical; disagreement does not justify contempt.

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Islam vs Catholicism: Important Additional Differences

Catholicism shares the central Christian teachings described above, including the Trinity, incarnation, crucifixion and resurrection. Several additional contrasts are especially relevant:

Catholics distinguish worship, which belongs to God alone, from veneration of saints. Muslims still reject invoking saints or directing acts of devotion toward them, because supplication is itself a form of worship owed to Allah alone.

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Judaism, Christianity and Islam: A Brief Comparison

All three are connected to Abraham, but they diverge over later revelation.

• Judaism does not accept Jesus as divine or as the Messiah in the Christian sense, and it does not accept Muhammad ﷺ as a prophet.
• Christianity accepts the Hebrew scriptures and centers faith on Jesus as divine Messiah, crucified and risen.
• Islam accepts Moses and Jesus as prophets, rejects Jesus' divinity, and accepts Muhammad ﷺ as the final prophet.

This three-way comparison is useful, but each tradition deserves study on its own terms rather than being reduced to a few slogans.

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Islam or Christianity: Which Is True?

A comparison article can map disagreement, but truth is not decided by a table or a search result. The central questions are serious:

• Is God absolutely one without persons, partners or incarnation?
• Is Jesus a human messenger, or God the Son made flesh?
• Was Jesus crucified and raised from the dead?
• Is the Qur'an revelation from God?
• Was Muhammad ﷺ truly the final messenger?

From the Islamic perspective presented here, Islam is the final and preserved revelation from Allah, Muhammad ﷺ is His final messenger, and Jesus is the Messiah and prophet—not God. A Christian will answer the same questions from a different starting point and confess Jesus as the crucified and risen Lord.

The sincere seeker should read primary texts in context, ask knowledgeable representatives of both traditions, distinguish doctrine from the failures of followers, pray humbly for guidance and refuse both inherited prejudice and internet sensationalism. The search for truth deserves patience, moral seriousness and sincerity.

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Can Muslims and Christians Live Together Peacefully?

Yes. Peaceful coexistence does not require theological agreement. Muslims can be honest about their faith while treating Christian neighbors with justice, mercy and good character. Christians can likewise maintain their convictions while respecting Muslim neighbors.

Healthy coexistence includes:

• protecting houses of worship and personal safety;
• refusing forced conversion and religious harassment;
• cooperating in charity and the common good;
• discussing beliefs without insults or caricatures;
• keeping promises and honoring neighbors; and
• defending every person's basic dignity.

Interfaith courtesy should not become theological confusion, and theological conviction should not become hostility.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the biggest difference between Islam and Christianity?

The biggest difference is the identity of Jesus and, inseparably, the nature of God. Christianity teaches that Jesus is God the Son incarnate within the Trinity. Islam teaches that Allah is absolutely one and that Jesus is the Messiah and a mighty human prophet, not divine.

What are the main differences between Muslim and Christian beliefs?

The main differences concern tawhid and the Trinity, Jesus' divinity, the crucifixion and resurrection, Muhammad's prophethood, the Qur'an and Bible, original sin, atonement, salvation and forms of worship.

What are 10 differences between Islam and Christianity?

Ten major differences are: the nature of God, the identity of Jesus, the crucifixion, the resurrection, the status of Muhammad ﷺ, scripture, original sin, salvation, worship and religious authority. These are explained in detail above.

What is the difference between Allah and the Christian God?

Allah is simply the Arabic word for God and is also used by Arabic-speaking Christians. The difference lies in theology: Muslims reject the Trinity and incarnation, while mainstream Christians affirm both.

Do Muslims believe in Jesus?

Yes. Muslims believe Jesus is the Messiah, miraculously born to the Virgin Mary, a prophet who performed miracles by Allah's permission, and a messenger who will return. Muslims do not believe he is God or the divine Son of God.

Do Muslims believe Jesus died on the cross?

No. The Qur'an says Jesus was not killed or crucified by his enemies and that Allah raised him. Christianity teaches that Jesus truly died by crucifixion and rose from the dead.

Do Muslims believe in the Bible?

Muslims believe Allah originally revealed scripture to earlier prophets, including the Torah, Psalms and Gospel. They do not regard the present biblical collection as identical in every respect to those original revelations or as the final authority. The Qur'an is the final criterion in Islam.

Do Christians believe in the Qur'an or Prophet Muhammad?

Mainstream Christian churches do not accept the Qur'an as divine scripture or Muhammad ﷺ as a prophet. Individual Christians may admire aspects of Islamic civilization or Muslim devotion without accepting Islam's prophetic claims.

Is Islam based on works while Christianity is based on grace?

That slogan is misleading. Islam teaches that no one is saved without Allah's mercy, while requiring faith, repentance and righteous deeds. Christianity teaches salvation by God's grace through Christ, while also calling believers to repentance, obedience and good works. The deeper disagreement concerns Christ's identity and whether his atoning death is the basis of salvation.

Is prayer different in Islam and Christianity?

Yes. Muslim salah occurs five times daily with prescribed recitations and movements toward Makkah. Christian prayer varies by denomination and may be liturgical or informal. Christians commonly pray in Jesus' name and many address Jesus directly; Muslims worship and supplicate Allah alone.

Are Muslim and Christian moral values the same?

They overlap substantially in areas such as charity, chastity, family responsibility, truthfulness and care for the poor. They are not identical, however. Their sources of authority, legal traditions and rulings on particular ethical questions can differ.

Which religion is older, Islam or Christianity?

Christianity is older as a distinct historical community: it began in the first century, while Muhammad's mission began in the seventh. In Islamic theology, however, submission to the one God—the broad meaning of islam—was the religion of all true prophets from Adam onward.

Is Jesus more important in Christianity than in Islam?

Jesus is essential in both, but in radically different ways. In Christianity, Jesus is the divine center of faith and salvation. In Islam, Jesus is one of the greatest prophets, but worship belongs only to Allah and the final revelation came through Muhammad ﷺ.

Can a Muslim enter a church or a Christian enter a mosque?

In ordinary peaceful circumstances, visiting for learning, community relations or a respectful event is generally possible, subject to the rules of the place and the person's own religious obligations. Participating in worship that contradicts one's creed is a separate theological question and should be discussed with a knowledgeable local scholar or clergy member.

Are all Christians viewed the same way in Islam?

No. The Qur'an distinguishes between beliefs and individual conduct, and it does not portray every member of a community identically. Islamic judgment considers truth, intention, knowledge and conduct, while final judgment belongs to Allah alone.

What is the difference between Christianity and the Muslim religion in one sentence?

Christianity worships the one God as Trinity and centers salvation on Jesus as the crucified and risen divine Son, while Islam worships Allah as absolutely one and follows Jesus as a prophet and Muhammad ﷺ as the final messenger.

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Conclusion

The differences between Islam and Christianity are not minor variations within one creed. They reach the foundations of theology: who God is, who Jesus is, what happened at the cross, how revelation is recognized and how salvation is received.

At the same time, Muslims and Christians share a substantial religious vocabulary and many moral concerns. That combination—real proximity and real disagreement—calls for precision. Muslims should represent Christianity accurately before critiquing it, and Christians should represent Islam accurately before judging it.

For the Muslim, the final principle is clear: worship Allah alone, honor every true messenger—including Jesus—and follow the final revelation given through Muhammad ﷺ. In conversation, speak with knowledge, justice and beautiful character. Truth is not strengthened by distortion, and conviction is not weakened by courtesy.

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Primary Texts and Further Reading

Qur'an

• Qur'an 112 — the absolute oneness and uniqueness of Allah
• Qur'an 4:171 — Jesus as Messiah and messenger; warning against saying “Three”
• Qur'an 4:157–158 — the Islamic teaching concerning the crucifixion and raising of Jesus
• Qur'an 3:45–47 — the annunciation and virgin birth
• Qur'an 33:40 — Muhammad ﷺ as messenger and seal of the prophets
• Qur'an 6:164 — individual moral responsibility
• Qur'an 39:53 — hope in Allah's forgiveness and mercy
• Qur'an 29:46 — gracious dialogue with the People of the Book
• Qur'an 3:64 — invitation to a common word of worshipping God alone

Bible

• Matthew 28:19 — Trinitarian baptismal formula
• John 1:1–14 — the Word and incarnation
• 1 Corinthians 15:3–4 — death, burial and resurrection of Christ
• Romans 5:12–19 — Adam, sin and Christ
• Ephesians 2:8–10 — grace, faith and good works

Editorial note: This article is educational and compares mainstream doctrinal positions. It does not replace guidance from a qualified scholar, priest or pastor regarding personal religious practice. Transliteration and English renderings may vary. The honorific ﷺ means “may Allah's peace and blessings be upon him.”